Pile and method of installing the same



Nov. 20, 1962 L. MULLER PILE AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME OriginalFiled July 12, 1955 Imre/7: 0

L uows Mt LER Tognsys 3,064,438 Patented Nov. 20, 1962 3,064,438 HEE ANDMETHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME Ludwig Mller, Wilhelmstrasse 45, Marhurgan der Lahn, Germany Original application July 12, 1955, Ser. No.521,571, now

Patent No. 2,924,948, dated Feb. 16, 1960. Divided and this applicationApr. 28, 1959, Ser. No. %9,505

2 Claims. (Cl. 61-53.58)

The present invention relates to pile making and more particularly to amethod for producing a pile having a concrete casing. This applicationis a division of appl. Ser. No. 521,57l, now U.S. Patent No. 2,924,948.

The object of the invention is to provide a foundation method suitablefor foundation purposes which can also be employed in a building groundinterspersed with coarse Stones or other coarse obstructions.

The method according to the invention comprises ramring a pile to thedesired depth, whereupon the edge of the hollow space produced byramming is sealed and materials capable of being hardened, such asconcrete or grout are pressed in through the pile interior for thepurpose of coating the pile shaft and forming concrete bulges whichindent with the surrounding soil.

According to the invention, a hollow pile shaft provided with awedge-shaped pile foot larger than the shaft, is rammed to the desireddepth, while simultaneously forming a hollow space between the shaft andthe soil. This hollow space is sealed oli by a sealing means. Thereuponmaterials capable of being hardened are introduced into the lowest partof the pile shaft and into the hollow space surrounding the pile shaftthrough openings provided in the lowest part of the pile shaft, or thepile foot. Following this step, additional hardenable material isintroduced into the central portion of the pile shaft through openingswhich are angularly displaced with respect *to the openings in thelowest part of the pile shaft, whereupon hardenable material isintroduced through upper openings in the pile shaft, displaced at anangle with respect to the central openings, -for the purpose of fillingthe upper part of the hollow space. Due to such pressure feeding ofhardenable material into the sealed hollow space and the resultingpressure built up, the sur# rounding soil is forced back and thefinished jacket of hardened material occupies a considerably largerspace than initially formed by the foot of the pile shaft.

The present invention attains a substantial increase of the loadingCapacity of the pile with relatively small construction and laborexpenditure, because the coating pro duced in the building ground andfirrnly bonded to the pile shaft, supports the pile shaft in thebuilding ground over its entire length.

The method according to the invention will -be further discussed, by wayof an example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, but it shouldbe understood that it is given by way of illustration and not oflimitation and that many changes in the details thereof may be madewithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 is a view, partly in section, of a pile shaft driven into theground and surrounded by a jacket of hardened material.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a mid portion of the pile shaft.

FIG. 3 is a sectional View of the foot portion of the shaft and FIG. 4is a sectional view of the pile shaft according to FIG. 1.

A hollow pile, designated by 1, is provided with a wedge-shaped pilefoot 3, having a chisel-shaped part 2. The pile has in its wall severallongitudinally spaced ports Z and 2 The shaft of the pile is smaller incross section than the pile foot 3, so that between the latter and thesoil a hollow space 4 is formed, when the pile is rarnmed into the soil.A sealing means such as a collar 5 is arranged at the upper part of thepile shaft, which seals oti the hollow space when the pile has beenrammed to the desired depth. A feed pipe 7 extends along the length ofpipe 1 coaxally therewith and rotatable within pipe 1. Pipe 7 is guidedin pipe 1 by spacer rings 8 and has in its wall several discharge ports9 disposed level with ports Z and Z respectively and apertures 10'through spacers 8, but circumferentially staggered in reference to portsZ and Z After the pile 1 has been rammed, and the pipe 7 with the pilehead 6 has been introduced and attached to the pile, hardenable liquidmaterial is pressed in through the head 6 into the interier of the pileshaft, which at first penetrates through the openings in the pile foot Qinto the hollow space 4 sealed by collar 5. When the lower part of thehollow space has been filled, the inlet pipe 7 lolacted in the interiorof the pile shaft is turned in such a manner that the respectiveopenings 9 in the inlet pipe 7, in the supporting element 8 and in thepile shaft 1 are aligned coaxially, so that the hardenable material maypenetrate through these openings Z into the central part of the hollowspace.

For the purpose of filling the upper part of the hollow space, the inletpipe 7 is again turned by a certain angle for instance by means of ahandle 12, whereby the upper outlet opening Z receives a directconnection with the respective opening 9 in the inlet pipe, while theinlet opening Z is closed. FIG. 1 shows the approximate out- 'line ofthe hardened material encasing the pile shaft upon completion of thepressure feeding causing a penetration of the initially fiowablehardening material into the surrounding soil strata even though the samemay be quite firm.

What I claim is:

1. A method of making a pile structure wherein a pile shaft is encasedin a cementitious material, said method comprising the steps ofproviding a hollow pile shaft mounting adjacent to its upper end acollar and at its lower end a foot having a wider peripheral outlinethan the peripheral outline of the pile shaft and including a dischargeport at it's foot end and selectively closable discharge ports in itsmiddle part and in its upper part, ramming said pile shaft With themiddle and the upper ports closed until it reaches a depth at which saidcollar is approxirnately ush with the ground, said foot forming duringthe ramming operation of the pile shaft a clearance in the soilsurrounding the pile shaft and closed at the upper end by said collarupon completion of the ramming operation, thereupon filling saidclearance with cementitious material in several stages by first feedingcementitious material through the pile shaft and discharging thematerial through the discharge port at the foot end to fill the lowerpart of the clearance, then opening the middle port and then dischargingadditonally fed cementitious material through the said port to fill themiddle part of the clearance and finally opening the upper port anddischarging further cementitious material through said port to fill theupper part of the clearance.

2. A pile structure for ramming into the ground and anchoring it therenby encasing the pile structure with a jacket of hardened cementitiousmaterial, said pile structure comprising a hollow pile shaft member, asealing collar having a maximum peripheral outline wider than that ofthe pile shaft member secured upon the pile shaft near the upper endthereof, an open hollow foot secured to the shaft member at the lowerend thereof, the maximum transverse cross section of said foot beingwider than that of the shaft member, said foot forming an annular spaceabout the shaft member during the &064,438

rammng thereof and said foot closng said space at the upper end thereofupon completion of the ramming operton, and a feed ppe member forfeeding cementitous material disposed within said ple shaft membersubstantally coaxially therewith and longtudinally rotatable in theshaft, said other pile shaft end opening into said foot and formng alower discharge port between said shaft end and the foot for dischargingcementitous material fed through said feed ppe member into the pileshaft, and said pile shaft member and feed pipe member each having intheir walls several longltudnally spaced discharge ports disposed atequal levels of the two members, the longitudinaly spaced dischargeports in one of said members being circumerentiafly staggered inreference to the longtudinally spaced dscharge ports in the other memberto move selected ports of the two members into registry for the dschargeOI" cementitious material by rotatrg said feed pipe member With-in theple shaft member.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,339,955 Hardel May 11, 1920 2,403,643 Dresser July 4, 1946 2321133Muller Feb. 2, 1960 2,924,948 Muller Feb. 16, 1960

